Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The pedigree below shows the occurrence of a
certain genetic disorder in three generations of a canine family. This disorder is caused by a
mutated allele.
Based on the diagram, what is most
likely the inheritance pattern for this
a. | Autosomal recessive | c. | Sex-linked recessive | b. | Autosomal dominant
| d. | Sex-linked dominant |
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2.
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In the food web shown above,
what happens to energy at the fourth level? a. | It is used for movement, growth and reproduction. | c. | It escapes to outer
space. | b. | It is completely passed along to the next level. | d. | It completely returns to the system as body
heat. |
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3.
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Red and blue are two popular variations of a
particular flower. A gardener began experimental breeding with this flower. His results are shown
below:
What inheritance pattern is seen in these
flowers?
a. | Simple dominant/recessive | c. | Codominance | b. | Incomplete
dominance | d. | Communicable |
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4.
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If all 30,000 human genes are made up of the same 20 nucleotides, how does one
gene differ from another?
a. | The size of the nitrogenous bases | c. | The sequence of the nitrogenous
bases | b. | The type of bonds between the nitrogenous bases | d. | The phenotypes of the nitrogenous
bases |
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5.
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A cell has large vacuoles, chloroplasts and a cell
wall.What kind of cell is this most likely to be?
a. | A plant cell | c. | Neither a plant nor an animal cell | b. | An animal cell | d. | A prokaryotic
cell |
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6.
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 Which of the above illustrates active
transport? a. | Image W | c. | Image Y | b. | Image X | d. | Image Z |
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7.
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A landscaper crossed two heterozygous junipers. She noticed that of the
offspring junipers, 73% were short and 27% were tall. What do these results indicate about the allele
for shortness?
a. | It is dominant. | c. | It is codorninant. | b. | It is recessive | d. | It is incompletely
dominant. |
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8.
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The diagram below shows the classification of four
organisms.
According to the table, which two
organisms are the most related?
a. | 1 and 2 | c. | 2 and
4 | b. | 1 and 4 | d. | 2 and
3 |
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9.
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An experiment is conducted to discover the effect
of a protein (F1) being inactivated in chicks prior to hatching. The procedure developed involves
administering an inhibiting virus to a chick during its incubation. Four different species of bird
chicks (A -D) are used. The results are shown below.
What can you conclude about the relatedness of
these four bird species based on this data?
a. | Birds A and D are likely related. | c. | Birds B and D are likely related | b. | Birds C and D are likely related. | d. | Birds A and B are
likely related. |
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10.
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The majority of the energy in the ATP molecule is a. | stored chemically in the P1 -Ribose bond. | c. | stored chemically in the
ribose-adenine bond. | b. | stored chemically in the P2 - P3
bond. | d. | stored chemically in
the ribose sugar molecule. |
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11.
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A swarm of locusts destroys crops in Africa. What level of biological
organization is a swarm an example of?
a. | ecosystem | c. | habitat | b. | community | d. | population |
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12.
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Manfred was interested in cells. He wondered how a
cell’s function affected the number of organelles each cell contained. He knows that muscle
cells use lots of energy. Manfred looked at different types of body cells under a microscope. Look at
his data below.
What cell do you predict most likely came
from a muscle?
a. | Cell A | c. | Cell
C | b. | Cell B | d. | Cell
D |
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13.
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Which element is found in all four biomolecule polymers?
a. | Phosphorous | c. | Carbon | b. | Nitrogen | d. | Sulfur |
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14.
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The organelle indicated in the diagram contains a pigment responsible for
capturing sunlight needed for which process? a. | Photosynthesis | c. | Nutrient absorption | b. | Aerobic respiration | d. | Cellular
transport |
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15.
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Rennin is added to milk to speed up a chemical
reaction. Rennin causes milk to form curds used in cheese making. This molecule is not used up in the
reaction. What type of molecule is rennin?
a. | Carbohydrate | c. | Enzyme | b. | Fat | d. | Nucleic acid |
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16.
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In a grassland ecosystem, sunlight is abundant but
moisture is limited. In a forest ecosystem, just the opposite is true. Sunlight is limited, but
moisture is abundant. How do you think these facts impact the ecological succession from grassland to
forest ecosystem?
a. | Plants that survive in a grassland system can also
survive in a forest system. | c. | Animals cannot survive under these
changing conditions. | b. | Plants that
survive in a grassland system cannot survive in a forest system | d. | Animals can
survive in all systems. |
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17.
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How will rapid environmental change impact the stability of an ecosystem?
a. | It will make the ecosystem more stable. | c. | It will not impact the stability
of the ecosystem. | b. | It will make the ecosystem less
stable | d. | It will help the
ecosystem attract more animals. |
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18.
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Camille wanted to learn how photosynthesis and respiration change the percentage
of gases in an area. She conducted the following experiment: · She put several plants in a jar with one
insect.
· She measured the type and
percentage of atmospheric gases in the jar.
· She sealed the jar and put it in direct
sunlight.
· She measured the type
and percentage of atmospheric gases in an empty jar.
· She sealed the empty jar and put it in
direct sunlight next to the jar containing organisms.
· After one week, she opened and measured the
type and percentage of gases found in both jars.
What is likely her
hypothesis? a. | If I place organisms in a sealed jar, then photosynthesis will cause the amount of
carbon dioxide in the jar to increase | c. | If I place organisms in a sealed jar, then their metabolic
activities will change the ratio of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the jar. | b. | If I place organisms
in a sealed jar, then respiration will cause the amount of oxygen in the jar to
increase | d. | If I place
organisms in a sealed jar, then they will become unhappy. |
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19.
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Several students made a model of the carbon cycle. The model is shown
below. What part of the
model represents how humans have changed the carbon cycle? a. | The trees | c. | The candle | b. | The lamp | d. | The cricket |
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20.
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In the laboratory, a digestive enzyme commonly found in the human stomach is
studied. What pH should scientists use to observe the optimum enzyme action?
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21.
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Jimmy is looking for a bathroom cleaner that will
best clean the sink. He uses a different cleaner on four different bathroom sinks at his school. He
then looks at the bacterial cells collected from each sink under a microscope. He also makes a graph
of his results. Look at his data below.
What is a likely hypothesis?
a. | If it is an effective cleaning product, then it will
destroy the cell wall of bacteria. | c. | If it
is a cleaning product, then it cannot kill bacteria. | b. | If you use Cloronz, then cells will grow. | d. | Lytin is the best
cleaner.
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22.
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Consider an energy pyramid that has four trophic levels, as shown in the figure
below. What is the correct
ordering of the four organisms pictured, from the lowest trophic level to the top trophic
level? a. | Order W | c. | Order Y | b. | Order X | d. | Order Z |
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23.
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A saltwater plant has an internal concentration of
1.2 g/mL. It is placed in a body of water that has a concentration of 12 g/mL.
Which best predicts the direction water will move across the plant cell wall
and the effect of that movement on the plant?
a. | Water will move out of the plant’s cells, causing
the plant to wilt. | c. | Water will move out of the
plant’s cells, causing the plant to swell. | b. | Water will move into the plant’s cells, causing the plant to
wilt. | d. | Water will move into the plant’s cells, causing the plant to
swell. |
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24.
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A biology student made the diagram below. Which term belongs in the location of the X? a. | Cell | c. | Ecosystem | b. | Organ system | d. | Organism |
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25.
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Randi wanted to know how increased carbon dioxide
in the air affects the growth of plants. Which experimental setup is best?
a. | Compare orchids grown in a greenhouse to pansies grown
in a home garden | c. | Compare dandelions grown along a
roadside with pansies grown in a greenhouse | b. | Compare dandelions
grown along a roadside with dandelions grown in a large field. | d. | Compare orchids
grown in a tree with dandelions grown in a home. |
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26.
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Predators and prey interact in the environment in very complex Ways. Scientists
often select traits in prey populations and observe the effects of predators and environmental change
over many generations. A type of African cichlid is observed having a variety of colors. The average
Wild-type fish is brown (see graph). Over
several years, a new water pollutant is released into water systems, causing the plants in the
environment to become more red in color. Which graph below most likely represents the effect of the
pollutant on the African cichlid population? (answers are images)
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27.
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A chicken has two kinds of genes that determine the
color of its plumage: one lends the chicken a background color and the other modifies that
background. Two common plumage genes are E and I. E is a gene coding for background color; it is
often called “extended black.” I is a modifying gene called “dominant white.”
The I gene is codominant to E. What color will a chicken with the gene combination El
be?
a. | It will be completely gray. | c. | It will be completely white. | b. | It will be completely black. | d. | It will be black
with white |
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28.
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Which image below best represents a phospholipid?
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29.
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Which macromolecule is a main component in cellular
membranes and imparts its hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature?
a. | Carbohydrates | c. | Proteins | b. | Water | d. | Fats |
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30.
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Mandy observed some organisms in a container. She
noticed Organism 2 growing only on top of organism 1. Look at her data below.
Which statement best describes the relationship between these two
organisms?
a. | Both species benefit, and neither is
hurt | c. | One species is harmed while the other
benefits. | b. | Only one species benefits, and the other remains
unharmed. | d. | Both species change to suit the new
environment. |
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31.
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A new emerging disease kills native birds. It is a density-dependent limiting
factor for bird populations. Students conducted population estimates for four bird species in their
area. Which species will be most impacted by this new disease? a. | Species A | c. | Species C | b. | Species B | d. | Species D |
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32.
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The peppered moth comes in two speckled
colorations: a recessive light coloration and a dominant dark coloration. The graphs below show
changes to the moth population during a 50-year period.
How would you best characterize this shift in the population?
a. | As directional selection | c. | As disruptive selection | b. | As stabilizing
selection | d. | As diminutive selection |
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33.
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One class of biological molecules consists of
chains of methyl (-CH) units that are long or short. What are these called?
a. | Lipids | c. | Enzymes | b. | Carbohydrates | d. | Proteins |
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34.
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How does a community of desert frogs found in the Australian desert most likely
respond to long dry periods?
a. | Through migration | c. | Through territoriality | b. | Through
courting | d. | Through
estivation |
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35.
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The table below lists the results of a genetic study where two different types
of watermelons were crossed. A seedless round type was crossed with a seeded oval type. According to these results, what
is the approximate ratio of round watermelons to oval watermelons?
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36.
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In mice, brown hair is dominant to white. Cross a
heterozygous female with a heterozygous male. The phenotypic ratio will yield
a. | 3 brown: 1 White | c. | 1brown: 2 tan: 1 white | b. | 3 White: 1
brown. | d. | 100% brown hair. |
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37.
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During strenuous exercise, animals cannot take in
enough air to supply their cells with the necessary oxygen. They begin to carry out lactic acid
fermentation to supply their cells with the necessary energy. Lactic acid fermentation is a type of
a. | anaerobic respiration. | c. | alcoholic respiration. | b. | aerobic
respiration. | d. | ATP respiration. |
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38.
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The biotic factors in a balanced food web are
a. | producers and humus | c. | light, water and rocks | b. | producers, consumers
and decomposers | d. | large and
small predators. |
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39.
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According to the classification key, to which
genus and species does this cat belong?
a. | Leopardus wiedii | c. | Puma concolor | b. | Leopardus
pardah | d. | Caracal caracal |
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40.
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The skulls shown are from four different
animals.
Which two animals are the most closely
related?
a. | Reptiles A and B | c. | Reptiles A and D | b. | Reptiles B and
C | d. | Reptiles C and D |
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41.
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Use the information to help you answer the following question.
Barth
Syndrome is a name for a genetic disorder that affects individuals on the cellular level. Individuals
affected with this disorder have mitochondria that fail to function properly. As a result, children
withBarth Syndrome have delayed growth and are below average in weight and height. All muscles within
the body have a reduced ability to produce energy. A weak heart, along with weakness in other
skeletal muscles, is one symptom of this disease. Another symptom of the disease is increased
susceptibility to infection.
The genetic disorder of Barth Syndrome results from a recessive
mutation of the X chromosome. This means that Barth Syndrome
a. | will most likely affect male offspring | c. | is an example of
codominance. | b. | will most likely affect female offspring. | d. | is an example of incomplete
dominance. |
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42.
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A human cell that is specialized to filter toxins
is most likely found in which organ?
a. | Heart | c. | Brain | b. | Lung | d. | Kidney |
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43.
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The Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), is the Tennessee state
bird. During the spring and summer months, this large bird eats a variety of invertebrates including
beetles, grasshoppers, spiders, snails and worms. However, during the fall and winter months,
mockingbirds eat mostly seeds and berries. What type of consumer is a mockingbird?
a. | Herbivore | c. | Omnivore | b. | Carnivore | d. | Producer |
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44.
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Proteins are made in
the ribosomes of a cell, whereas DNA is found only in a. | organelle W. | c. | organelle Y. | b. | organelle X. | d. | organelle Z. |
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45.
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Which process of cell division results in progeny
having half the chromosomes of the parent cell?
a. | Meiosis | c. | Cytokinesis | b. | Replication | d. | Fertilization |
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46.
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An adult female American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) lays 50
eggs each breeding season. Of those offspring, less than 1% will survive to adulthood. This
information supports what part of Darwin’s evolutionary theory?
a. | Only the strong survive | c. | Genetic mutation is a common route
for acquiring inherited characteristics. | b. | Organisms produce more offspring than the
environment can support | d. | Characteristics acquired by an individual during its lifetime are often passed on to
offspring. |
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47.
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English ivy is an evergreen vine. It grows on top of any surface. It grows up
tree trunks and over branches toward sunlight. Ramiro hypothesized that if English ivy grew on top of
a native producer, then the native producer would die. Look at his data below. Which statement best describes what he
should conclude about the native producers in his hypothesis? a. | His hypothesis was supported English ivy reduced the native producers in an
area. | c. | His hypothesis was unsupported; English ivy increased the native producers in an
area. | b. | His hypothesis was unsupported; English ivy reduced the native producers in an
area. | d. | His hypothesis was
proved correct; English ivy increased the native producers in an area.
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48.
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Which figure accurately illustrates
osmosis?
a. | Image W | c. | Image
Y | b. | Image X | d. | Image
Z |
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49.
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An animal cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen
to the cell?
a. | It will shrink | c. | It will shrink and then swell. | b. | It will
swell. | d. | It will remain the
same size. |
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