Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best
completes the statement or answers the question.
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1
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The goal of the Human Genome Project is to
a) | treat patients with genetic diseases. | b) | create maps showing where chromosomes are
located on human genes. | c) | identify people with genetic
diseases. | d) | create maps showing where genes are located on human
chromosomes. |
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2
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“Genetic engineering” refers to the process of
a) | rearranging nucleotides in a gene of an organism so that new traits appear in the
development of an embryo. | b) | building a new species by combining genes of
different organisms. | c) | moving genes from a chromosome of one organism
to a chromosome of a different organism. | d) | creating new DNA molecules from nucleotide
sequences. |
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3
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Which of the following types of RNA carries instructions for making
proteins?
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4
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During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is
“rewritten” as a molecule of
a) | messenger RNA. | c) | translation RNA. | b) | ribosomal RNA. | d) | transfer RNA. |
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5
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In order for protein synthesis to occur, mRNA must migrate to the
a) | mitochondria. | c) | ribosomes. | b) | Golgi body | d) | endoplasmic
reticulum |
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6
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Figure
13-1
What does Figure 13-1 show? a) | gel electrophoresis | c) | DNA sequencing | b) | a restriction enzyme producing a DNA
fragment | d) | polymerase chain
reaction |
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7
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Transferring normal human genes into human cells that lack them
a) | is impossible at this time. | c) | will cause antibodies to kill those
cells. | b) | is called human gene therapy. | d) | will cause
cancer. |
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8
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What kind of cell or cells were used to make Dolly?
a) | body cell only | b) | egg cell only | c) | egg cell and sperm
cell | d) | body cell and egg cell |
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9
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X-ray diffraction photographs by Wilkins and Franklin suggested that
a) | DNA and RNA are the same molecules. | b) | DNA molecules are arranged as a tightly coiled
helix. | c) | DNA is composed of either purines or pyrimidines, but not both. | d) | DNA and proteins
have the same basic structure. |
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10
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The enzymes that unwind DNA are called
a) | double helixes. | c) | DNA helicases. | b) | forks. | d) | phages. |
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11
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A nucleotide consists of
a) | a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. | b) | a starch, a
phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. | c) | a sugar, a protein, and
adenine. | d) | a sugar, an amino acid, and starch. |
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| mRNA codons | amino acid | | UAU, UAC | tyrosine | | CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG | proline | | GAU, GAC | aspartic acid | | AUU, AUC,
AUA | isoleucine | | UGU, UGC | cysteine | | |
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12
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Suppose that you are given a protein containing the following sequence of amino
acids: isoleucine, tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid and cysteine. Use the portion of the genetic code
given above to determine which of the possible answers contains a DNA sequence that codes for this
amino acid sequence.
a) | TAAATAGGACTAAGA | c) | AUUUAACCUGAUUCU | b) | AUUUAUCCUGAUUCU | d) | TAAATTGGACTAAGA |
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13
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The portions of DNA molecules that actually code for the production of proteins
are called
a) | mutons. | c) | exons. | b) | introns. | d) | exposons. |
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14
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Fragments of DNA having complementary “sticky ends”
a) | are found only in bacterial cells. | b) | can join only with complementary fragments of
the same species. | c) | can join with each other. | d) | are immediately
digested by enzymes in the cytoplasm of the cell. |
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15
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During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made for each original
DNA strand. Thus, if a portion of the original strand is TTCATAG, then the new strand will be
a) | GGACGCT. | c) | TTCATAG | b) | AAGTATC. | d) | AACTATG. |
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16
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A genome is
a) | an organism’s collection of genes. | b) | a fragment of DNA
added to a chromosome during a gene transfer experiment. | c) | a protein
fragment. | d) | the nucleotide sequence that makes up a particular
gene. |
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17
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RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that its sugars have an additional
oxygen atom, and the base thymine is replaced by a structurally similar base called
a) | codon. | c) | cytosine. | b) | alanine. | d) | uracil. |
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18
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Each of the following is a type of RNA except
a) | messenger RNA. | c) | transfer RNA. | b) | ribosomal RNA. | d) | carrier RNA. |
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19
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On an electrophoresis gel, band B is closer to the positive end of the gel than
is band A. Which of the following statements is true?
a) | band B consists of larger DNA fragments than does band A. | b) | band B is
smaller than band A. | c) | band B is more negatively charged than band
A. | d) | band A is smaller than band B. |
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mRNA: CUCAAGUGCUUC
Genetic
Code:
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20
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Which of the following would represent the strand of DNA from which the mRNA
strand in the diagram was made?
a) | AGACCTGTAGGA | c) | GAGTTCACGAAG | b) | GAGUUCACGAAG | d) | CUCAAGUGCUUC |
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21
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Refer to the illustration above. What is the portion of the protein molecule
coded for by the piece of mRNA shown in the diagram?
a) | Val—Asp—Pro—His | c) | Ser—Tyr—Arg—Gly | b) | Leu—Lys—Cys—Phe | d) | Pro—Glu—Leu—Val |
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22
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The function of tRNA is to
a) | form ribosomes. | c) | synthesize mRNA. | b) | transfer amino acids to
ribosomes. | d) | synthesize
DNA. |
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23
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The base-pairing rules state that the following are base pairs in DNA:
a) | adenine—guanine; thymine—cytosine. | b) | adenine—thymine; uracil—cytosine. | c) | adenine—thymine; guanine—cytosine. | d) | uracil—thymine; guanine—cytosine. |
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24
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Cloning is a process by which
a) | undesirable genes may be eliminated. | b) | many identical cells may be
produced. | c) | a virus and a bacterium may be fused into one. | d) | many identical
protein fragments are produced. |
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25
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Which of the following is not part of a molecule of RNA?
a) | deoxyribose | c) | nitrogen base | b) | phosphate | d) | ribose |
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26
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The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of
a) | thymine. | c) | adenine. | b) | protein. | d) | cytosine. |
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27
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Recombinant DNA is formed by joining DNA molecules
a) | with RNA molecules. | b) | with proteins from a different
species. | c) | from two different species. | d) | from two chromosomes of the same
organism. |
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28
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Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of
a) | monosaccharides. | c) | nucleotides. | b) | fatty acids. | d) | amino acids. |
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29
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Which of the following is NEVER a frameshift mutation?
a) | substitution | b) | duplication | c) | insertion | d) | deletion |
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30
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The enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA template bases
are
a) | helicases. | c) | replicases. | b) | DNA polymerases. | d) | restriction
enzymes. |
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31
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Enzymes that cut DNA molecules at specific places
a) | always break the DNA between guanine and adenine. | b) | are restriction
enzymes. | c) | have sticky ends. | d) | work only on bacterial
DNA. |
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32
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Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called
a(n)
a) | exon. | c) | mutagen. | b) | codon. | d) | anticodon. |
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33
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Ian Wilmut’s cloning of Dolly in 1997 was considered a breakthrough in
genetic engineering because
a) | scientists had never before isolated mammary cells. | b) | scientists thought
cloning was impossible. | c) | sheep had never responded well to gene
technology procedures. | d) | scientists though only fetal cells could be
used to produce clones. |
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34
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In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to
a) | guanine. | c) | thymine. | b) | cytosine. | d) | uracil. |
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35
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The use of genetic engineering to transfer human genes into bacteria
a) | results in the formation of a new species of organism. | b) | causes the human
genes to manufacture bacterial proteins. | c) | is impossible with current
technology. | d) | allows the bacteria to produce human proteins. |
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