Name: 
 

Cell Structure Review 1617


Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the
a.
nucleolus.
c.
ribosome.
b.
nuclear wall.
d.
nuclear envelope.
 

 2. 
All the following are found in both plant and animal cells, except
a.
a cell wall.
c.
mitochondria.
b.
a cell membrane.
d.
endoplasmic reticulum.
 

 3. 
Which organelle converts food into compounds that the cell uses for growth, development, and movement?
a.
chloroplast
b.
Golgi apparatus
c.
endoplasmic reticulum
d.
mitochondrion
 
 
nar001-1.jpg
 

 4. 
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure immediately identifies this cell as a eukaryote?
a.
structure 1
c.
structure 3
b.
structure 2
d.
structure 4
 

 5. 
Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown is probably an animal cell because it
a.
has mitochondria.
c.
has a cell membrane.
b.
does not have a cell wall.
d.
does not have a nucleus.
 

 6. 
Refer to the illustration above. Structure 5 is
a.
part of the endoplasmic reticulum.
c.
a mitochondrion.
b.
a Golgi apparatus.
d.
the nucleus.
 

 7. 
Refer to the illustration above. In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are found in
a.
structure 1.
c.
structure 3.
b.
structure 2.
d.
structure 5.
 

 8. 
Refer to the illustration above. Structure 2 is
a.
rough endoplasmic reticulum.
c.
a mitochondrion.
b.
a Golgi apparatus.
d.
the nucleus.
 

 9. 
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure produces vesicles filled with proteins?
a.
structure 1
c.
structure 3
b.
structure 2
d.
structure 5
 

 10. 
Refer to the illustration above. The cell uses structure 3
a.
to transport material from one part of the cell to another.
b.
to package proteins so they can be stored by the cell.
c.
as a receptor protein.
d.
to produce ATP.
 

 11. 
Refer to the illustration. Structure 1 is
a.
the endoplasmic reticulum.
c.
a mitochondrion.
b.
a Golgi apparatus.
d.
the nucleus.
 

 12. 
The diffusion of water into or out of a cell is called
a.
solubility.
c.
selective transport.
b.
osmosis.
d.
endocytosis.
 

 13. 
As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substances
a.
always remains greater inside a membrane.
b.
eventually becomes balanced on both sides of a membrane.
c.
always remains greater outside of a membrane.
d.
becomes imbalanced on both sides of a membrane.
 
 
nar003-1.jpg
 

 14. 
Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled A is most likely a
a.
DNA molecule.
c.
chromosome.
b.
signal molecule.
d.
marker protein.
 

 15. 
What happens when the structure labeled A binds to the structure labeled B?
a.
Information is sent into the cell.
c.
The cell begins to undergo mitosis.
b.
Proteins enter the cell.
d.
none of the above
 

 16. 
Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled B in the diagram is an example of a
a.
channel protein.
c.
receptor protein.
b.
marker protein.
d.
None of the above
 

 17. 
Which of the following is characteristic of prokaryotes?
a.
They have a nucleus.
b.
Their evolution preceded that of eukaryotes.
c.
The organelles in their cytoplasm are surrounded by membranes.
d.
None of the above
 

 18. 
Diffusion occurs because
a.
molecules constantly move and collide with each other.
b.
the concentration of a solution is never the same throughout a solution.
c.
the concentration of a solution is always the same throughout a solution.
d.
molecules never move or collide with each other.
 

 19. 
A structure within a eukaryotic cell that performs a specific function is called a(n)
a.
organelle.
c.
tissue.
b.
organ tissue.
d.
biocenter.
 

 20. 
A cell will swell when it is placed in a(n)
a.
hypotonic solution.
c.
isotonic solution.
b.
hypertonic solution.
d.
None of the above
 

 21. 
Eukaryotes usually contain
a.
a nucleus.
b.
specialized organelles.
c.
genetic material.
d.
all of the above.
 

 22. 
The main function of the cell wall is to
a.
support and protect the cell.
b.
store DNA.
c.
direct the activities of the cell.
d.
help the cell move.
 

 23. 
Elongated proteins on the surface of a cell and that identify the cell are called
a.
marker proteins.
c.
receptor proteins.
b.
channel proteins.
d.
enzymes.
 

 24. 
The cell membrane
a.
encloses the contents of a cell.
b.
allows materials to enter and leave the cell.
c.
is selectively permeable.
d.
All of the above
 

 25. 
The organelles associated with plant photosynthesis are the
a.
mitochondria.
c.
Golgi apparatus.
b.
chloroplasts.
d.
vacuoles.
 

 26. 
Which of the following does not require energy?
a.
diffusion
c.
active transport
b.
endocytosis
d.
sodium-potassium pump
 

 27. 
Water enters a cell when the solution surrounding the cell is
a.
concentrated.
c.
weak.
b.
hypotonic to the cell.
d.
hypertonic to the cell.
 

 28. 
In a cell, proteins are made on the
a.
mitochondria.
c.
nucleus.
b.
ribosomes.
d.
cell membrane.
 

 29. 
Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
a.
Golgi apparatus
b.
mitochondrion
c.
vacuole
d.
ribosome
 

 30. 
Osmosis is a type of
a.
active transport.
c.
facilitated diffusion.
b.
passive transport.
d.
endocytosis.
 

 31. 
A cell that requires a lot of energy might contain large numbers of
a.
chromosomes.
c.
mitochondria.
b.
vacuoles.
d.
lysosomes.
 

 32. 
When a signal molecule binds to a receptor protein, the receptor protein may
a.
change the permeability of the membrane.
b.
cause the formation of a second messenger molecule.
c.
speed up the chemical reactions in the cell.
d.
All of the above
 

 33. 
A solution that is hypotonic to a cell has
a.
more solutes than the cell.
c.
the same concentration of solutes as
the cell.
b.
fewer solutes than the cell.
d.
too many solutes.
 

 34. 
A protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response is called a
a.
receptor.
c.
vesicle.
b.
 ligand.
d.
 proton.
 

 35. 
Prokaryotes lack
a.
cytoplasm.
b.
a cell membrane.
c.
a nucleus.
d.
genetic material.
 

 36. 
Which process is occurring when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cell?
a.
endocytosis
c.
exocytosis
b.
phagocytosis
d.
osmosis
 

 37. 
One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that
a.
nucleic acids are found only in prokaryotes.
b.
mitochondria are found in larger quantities in eukaryotes.
c.
Golgi vesicles are found only in prokaryotes.
d.
prokaryotes do not have a nucleus.
 

 38. 
Which organelles contain enzymes that break down old cell parts?
a.
centrosomes
c.
vacuoles
b.
lysosomes
d.
chloroplasts
 

 39. 
Unlike passive transport, active transport
a.
requires energy.
b.
moves substances down their concentration gradient.
c.
does not involve carrier proteins.
d.
All of the above
 

 40. 
Most of the food and waste materials that move into and out of a cell pass through
a.
receptor proteins.
c.
enzymes.
b.
marker proteins.
d.
channel proteins.
 

 41. 
Molecules that are too large to be moved through the membrane can be transported into the cell by
a.
osmosis.
c.
exocytosis.
b.
endocytosis.
d.
diffusion.
 

 42. 
Phospholipids are molecules that
a.
contain phosphate.
b.
have nonpolar “tails” and polar “heads.”
c.
form the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
d.
All of the above
 

 43. 
Proteins that act like selective passageways in the cell membrane are known as
a.
marker proteins.
c.
receptor proteins.
b.
channel proteins.
d.
None of the above
 

 44. 
Which type of molecule forms a lipid bilayer within a cell membrane?
a.
protein
c.
nucleic acid
b.
phospholipid
d.
carbohydrate
 
 
nar002-1.jpg
 

 45. 
Refer to the illustration above. Structure C is a
a.
carbohydrate chain.
c.
fatty acid.
b.
glycerol molecule.
d.
nucleic acid.
 

 46. 
Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled A is composed of
a.
phospholipids.
c.
proteins.
b.
carbohydrates.
d.
None of the above
 

 47. 
Refer to the illustration above. The structure that acts as a gate to the cell’s interior is labeled
a.
A.
c.
C.
b.
B.
d.
D.
 

 48. 
One important organelle that helps maintain homeostasis by moving substances from one part of the cell to another is the
a.
endoplasmic reticulum.
c.
Golgi apparatus.
b.
mitochondrion.
d.
cytoplasm.
 

 49. 
The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the
a.
nucleus.
c.
central vacuole.
b.
Golgi apparatus.
d.
nuclear envelope.
 

 50. 
Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell?
a.
amoeba
c.
bacterium
b.
virus
d.
liver cell
 

 51. 
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that
a.
receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum.
b.
packages molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum.
c.
is involved in the distribution of proteins.
d.
All of the above
 

 52. 
Only eukaryotic cells have
a.
DNA.
c.
ribosomes.
b.
membrane-bound organelles.
d.
cytoplasm.
 
 
nar004-1.jpg

Figure 7-1
 

 53. 
The structure labeled I in Figure 7-1 is a thin, flexible barrier around a cell. It is called the
a.
cell membrane.
b.
cell wall.
c.
cell envelope.
d.
cytoplasm.
 

 54. 
Signal molecules bind to
a.
carbohydrates.
c.
receptor proteins.
b.
marker proteins.
d.
transport proteins.
 

 55. 
You probably won't find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
a.
plants
b.
animals
c.
fungi
d.
none of the above
 

 56. 
Which phrase describes the function of the mitochondria?
a.
breaks down chemicals
c.
supplies energy to the cell
b.
packages proteins
d.
fluid-filled sac used for storage
 

 57. 
Which phrase best describes rough ER?
a.
studded with ribosomes
c.
connected to the Golgi apparatus
b.
protected by vesicles
d.
stored in the central vacuole
 

 58. 
Plant cells have a large membrane-bound space in which water, waste products, and nutrients can be stored. This space is called the
a.
mitochondrion.
c.
Golgi apparatus.
b.
chloroplast.
d.
vacuole.
 



 
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