Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the
statement or answers the question.
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1.
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How does the DNA of a bacteriophage enter a host cell?
a. | injection | c. | conjugation | b. | endocytosis | d. | binary fission |
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2.
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The enzyme that the HIV virus uses to copy RNA into DNA is
a. | reverse transcriptase. | c. | bacilli. | b. | peptidoglycan. | d. | cyanobacteria. |
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3.
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In the bacterium in Figure 18.2, what is the structure labeled B?
a. | pili | c. | plasmid | b. | DNA | d. | flagellum
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4.
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In the bacterium in Figure 18.2, what is the structure labeled A?
a. | pili | c. | plasmid | b. | DNA | d. | flagellum
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5.
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In the bacterium in Figure 18.2, what is the structure labeled C?
a. | pili | c. | plasmid | b. | DNA | d. | flagellum
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6.
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What is the shape of the bacterium in Figure 18.2?
a. | bacilli | c. | spirochete | b. | cocci | d. | helical |
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7.
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Antibiotics are used to fight
a. | viral infections. | c. | HIV infections. | b. | fungal infections. | d. | bacterial
infections. |
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8.
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Prokaryotes, such as bacteria, reproduce by
a. | endocytosis. | c. | binary fission. | b. | fermentation. | d. | reverse
transcription. |
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9.
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Figure 18.1 shows the process used for bacterial reproduction. What is the
process called?
a. | cytokinesis | c. | respiration | b. | binary fission | d. | meiosis |
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10.
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Antibiotics do not treat most colds because most colds are caused by
a. | drug-resistant bacteria. | c. | influenza
viruses. | b. | cold temperatures. | d. | viral pathogens. |
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11.
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One of the differences between bacteria and viruses is that
a. | viruses are living and bacteria are non-living | c. | viruses are biotic and bacteria are
abiotic | b. | bacteria are living and viruses are non-living | d. | viruses are prokaryotic and bacteria are
eukaryotic |
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12.
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Which microscopic organisms are smallest?
a. | bacteria | c. | protists | b. | fungi | d. | viruses |
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13.
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Why are viruses not considered living organisms?
a. | Viruses can only be seen with an electron microscope. | c. | Viruses do not contain genetic
material. | b. | Viruses cannot make their own nutrients. | d. | Viruses are not made up of
cells. |
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14.
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Bacteria are classified by which of the following shapes?
a. | rod, cone, spiral | c. | rod, sphere, cone | b. | rod, sphere, spiral | d. | sphere, cone,
spiral |
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15.
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between
the way bacteria cause diseases and the way that viruses cause diseases?
a. | Both bacteria and viruses use host cells to reproduce, but viruses kill the host cell
immediately, while bacteria maintain life within the host cell indefinitely. | c. | Bacteria cause
disease by incorporating their DNA into the host’s DNA, and viruses cause disease by
incorporating their RNA in the host’s RNA. | b. | Bacteria only cause disease by entering the
body through the bloodstream and infecting a host cell, and viruses only cause disease by entering
through air passages. | d. | Bacteria are living cells that grow and reproduce in the body and produce toxins or
damage tissues they grow in. Viruses use host cells to reproduce, and these host cells usually die
when newly produced virus particle are released. |
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16.
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The study of viruses is a part of biology
because a. | they are about to become extinct. | c. | they carry out metabolic
processes. | b. | they belong to the kingdom Monera. | d. | they are active inside living
cells. |
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17.
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When treated with Gram stain, Gram-positive bacteria appear
a. | violet. | c. | pink. | b. | yellow. | d. | orange. |
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18.
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What is the basic structure of a virus?
a. | DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat | c. | a tail sheath surrounded by tail
fibers | b. | a capsid surrounded by a protein coat | d. | a tiny cell surrounded by a cell
wall |
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19.
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Bacteriophages infect
a. | other viruses. | c. | bacteria only. | b. | any available host cell. | d. | cells undergoing the lytic
cycle. |
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20.
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Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by a virus?
a. | tetanus | c. | influenza | b. | AIDS | d. | chickenpox |
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21.
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Viruses that use reverse transcriptase to cause their host cells to transcribe
DNA from an RNA template are called
a. | retroviruses. | c. | antibodies. | b. | bacteriophages. | d. | capsoviruses. |
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22.
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A pathogen is an agent that is
a. | harmful to living organisms. | c. | beneficial to
humans. | b. | harmful only to plants. | d. | nearly extinct. |
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23.
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The capsid of a virus is the
a. | protective outer coat. | c. | nucleus. | b. | cell membrane. | d. | cell wall and membrane
complex. |
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24.
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Which structure is NOT found in a bacterium?
a. | chromosome | c. | nucleus | b. | cytoplasm | d. | ribosome |
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25.
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Which structure helps a bacterium move?
a. | capsule | c. | flagellum | b. | endospore | d. | plasmid |
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26.
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What process is occurring in the illustration below? a. | budding | c. | fission | b. | conjugation | d. | replication |
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27.
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Which statement correctly describes pathogens?
a. | They are in your body only when you are sick. | c. | They are always
bacteria. | b. | They break down dead organisms. | d. | They cause
disease. |
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28.
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Which statement correctly describes antibiotics?
a. | They treat all diseases. | c. | They stop the growth and
reproduction of bacteria. | b. | They help bacteria grow. | d. | They can kill any kind of
bacterium. |
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29.
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a. | virus | c. | bacteriophage | b. | endospore | d. | bacteria |
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30.
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What do vaccines stimulate the production of?
a. | antibodies | c. | protein | b. | DNA or RNA | d. | ribosomes |
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31.
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What is pictured in the diagram below? a. | an antibody | c. | a bacterium | b. | a bacteriophage | d. | a plasmid |
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32.
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Viruses
a. | are cellular organisms. | c. | have nuclei and
organelles. | b. | reproduce only in living cells. | d. | are surrounded by a polysaccharide
coat. |
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33.
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A typical virus consists of
a. | a protein coat and a cytoplasm core. | b. | a carbohydrate coat and a nucleic acid
core. | c. | a protein coat and a nucleic acid core. | d. | a polysaccharide
coat and a nucleic acid core. |
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34.
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The capsid of a virus is the
a. | protective outer coat. | c. | nucleus. | b. | cell membrane. | d. | cell wall and membrane
complex. |
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35.
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All viruses have
a. | cytoplasm. | c. | mitochondria. | b. | ribosomes. | d. | None of the
above |
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36.
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An animal virus enters its host cell by
a. | being injected into the cell. | c. | punching a hole in the cell
membrane. | b. | penetrating a rip in the cell wall. | d. | endocytosis across the cell
membrane. |
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37.
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It is important to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
in diagnosing a bacterial infection because
a. | Gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria differ in their response to different
antibiotics. | b. | Gram-positive bacteria never cause fatal diseases. | c. | Gram-positive
bacteria destroy antibiotics, preventing them from working. | d. | Gram-positive
bacteria do not respond to many antibiotics. |
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38.
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Refer to the illustration above. Which of the diagrams has a shape like the
Bacillus bacterial genus?
a. | Organism A | c. | Organism C | b. | Organism B | d. | None of the
above |
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39.
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Refer to the illustration above. The shape represented by Organism A in the
diagram applies to the bacterial genus
a. | Streptococcus, which causes strep throat. | b. | Leptospira,
which can cause urinary tract infections in humans. | c. | Bacillus, which produces
antibiotics. | d. | Penicillium, which produces penicillin. |
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40.
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Refer to the illustration above. The shape represented by Organism C is
called
a. | coccus. | c. | bacillus. | b. | spirillum. | d. | filamentous. |
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41.
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Bacterial cells
a. | have a cell wall only. | b. | have a cell membrane only. | c. | have both a cell
membrane and an outer cell wall. | d. | have a cell wall inside their cell
membrane. |
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42.
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Bacterial endospores
a. | occur where there is plenty of available food. | b. | allow certain
species to survive harsh environmental conditions. | c. | are similar to human
tumors. | d. | can cause growth abnormalities in plants. |
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43.
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Cell organelles that Escherichia coli and other bacteria have in common
with eukaryotes are
a. | chloroplasts. | c. | nuclei. | b. | mitochondria. | d. | ribosomes. |
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44.
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Bacterial cells such as Escherichia coli transfer pieces of genetic
material in a process called
a. | binary fission. | c. | conjugation. | b. | mitosis. | d. | sexual
reproduction. |
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45.
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Escherichia coli is an example of a bacterium that has short, thin,
hairlike projections called
a. | pili. | c. | cocci. | b. | cilia. | d. | ribosomes. |
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46.
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Bacteria that cause botulism may survive in canned food for a long time
because
a. | the can was left open. | b. | some cans may contain viruses that protect the
bacteria. | c. | the bacteria may form endospores. | d. | sterilized cans do not have enough oxygen to
harm the bacteria. |
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47.
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Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections because
a. | viruses are protected inside their host cells. | b. | viruses have enzymes
that inactivate the antibiotics. | c. | antibiotics interfere with metabolic processes
that viruses do not perform. | d. | viral protein coats block the antibiotics from
entering the virus. |
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48.
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A bacterial disease carried from rodents to humans by fleas is
a. | tuberculosis. | c. | cholera. | b. | bubonic plague. | d. | Lyme disease. |
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