Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which phrase best describes cancer?
a. | absence of cyclins | c. | uncontrolled cell growth | b. | multiple gene
mutations | d. | presence of
genetic defects |
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2.
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Two similar chromosomes that you inherit from your parents (one from your
mother, one from your father) are called
a. | homologous chromosomes. | c. | sex
chromosomes. | b. | sister chromatids. | d. | homozygous alleles. |
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3.
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What does a cell make during the synthesis stage of the cell cycle?
a. | more organelles | c. | daughter cells | b. | a copy of DNA | d. | greater surface
area
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4.
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During interphase a cell grows, duplicates organelles, and
a. | copies DNA. | c. | divides the cytoplasm. | b. | divides the
nucleus. | d. | produces a new
cell. |
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5.
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Which of the following statements is true?
a. | Prokaryotes divide by mitosis. | b. | Eukaryotes have circular
chromosomes. | c. | Animal cells form new cell walls when they divide. | d. | Plant cells and
animal cells have different strategies for cytokinesis. |
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6.
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Which phrase best describes meiosis I?
a. | duplication of paired chromosomes | c. | division of homologous
chromosomes | b. | fusion of sister chromatids | d. | creation of two diploid cells |
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7.
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During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate from each
other?
a. | prophase | c. | anaphase | b. | metaphase | d. | telophase |
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8.
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Which of the following phrases best describes cytokinesis?
a. | division of the cytoplasm | c. | division of DNA | b. | division of the
nucleus | d. | division of surface
area |
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9.
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Offspring that are genetically unique are the result of
a. | mitotic reproduction. | c. | sexual reproduction. | b. | asexual reproduction. | d. | vegetative
reproduction. |
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10.
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The point at which two chromatids are attached to each other in a chromosome is
called a(n)
a. | chloroplast. | c. | gamete. | b. | centromere. | d. | centriole. |
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11.
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Mitosis is the process by which
a. | microtubules are assembled. | c. | the nucleus is divided into two
nuclei. | b. | cytoplasm is divided. | d. | the cell rests. |
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12.
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Trisomy is a mutation that results in a cell having an extra
a. | nitrogen base. | c. | chromosome. | b. | codon. | d. | gene. |
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13.
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Substances known to produce or promote cancer are called
a. | carcinogens. | c. | cyclins. | b. | kinases. | d. | malignancies. |
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14.
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Refer to the illustration above. The cell in diagram 1 is in
a. | metaphase. | c. | anaphase. | b. | telophase. | d. | prophase. |
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15.
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Refer to the illustration above. Mitosis begins with the stage shown in
diagram
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16.
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Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown in diagram 5 is in
a. | metaphase. | c. | anaphase. | b. | telophase. | d. | prophase. |
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17.
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In which stage of the cell cycle do the nucleus and its contents divide?
a. | synthesis | c. | mitosis | b. | gap 1 | d. | gap 2 |
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18.
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The gap 1, gap 2, and synthesis stages of the cell cycle make up
a. | interphase. | c. | cytokinesis. | b. | telophase. | d. | mitosis. |
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19.
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Cells that are not dividing remain in the
a. | mitosis phase. | c. | first growth phase. | b. | synthesis phase. | d. | cytokinesis
phase. |
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20.
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Which of the following statements is true of asexual reproduction?
a. | It produces few offspring. | c. | It produces genetic
diversity. | b. | It produces genetically identical offspring. | d. | It produces offspring that are resistant to
antibiotics.
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21.
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Which of the following cell types could have 22 autosomes and a Y
chromosome?
a. | sperm | c. | somatic | b. | ovum | d. | germ |
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22.
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Which of the following cell types is haploid?
a. | liver cell | c. | sperm cell | b. | somatic
cell | d. | germ
cell |
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23.
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Chromatids are
a. | dense patches within the nucleus. | b. | bacterial chromosomes. | c. | joined strands of
duplicated genetic material. | d. | prokaryotic
nuclei. |
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24.
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Which of the following phrases best describes the function of meiosis?
a. | conserves chromosome number, produces genetically identical cells | c. | reduces chromosome
number by half, produces diploid cells | b. | conserves chromosome number, produces haploid
cells | d. | reduces chromosome
number by half, produces gametes |
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25.
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Which of the following cell types is diploid?
a. | ovum | c. | somatic cell | b. | sex cell | d. | gamete |
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26.
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Meiosis, in humans, produces cells with how many chromosomes?
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27.
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One difference between cell division in plant cells and in animal cells is that
plant cells have
a. | centrioles. | b. | centromeres. | c. | a cell
plate. | d. | chromatin. |
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28.
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Binary fission
a. | occurs when two cells collide with each other. | b. | produces excess
energy. | c. | creates new species. | d. | is the process by which bacteria
reproduce. |
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29.
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In humans, the male determines the sex of the child because males have
a. | two X chromosomes. | c. | two Y chromosomes. | b. | one X and one Y chromosome. | d. | 46 chromosomes. |
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30.
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The process of organizing and condensing DNA into its compact form takes place
at the start of
a. | interphase. | c. | mitosis. | b. | metaphase. | d. | cytokinesis |
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31.
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Which of the following statements is true of homologous chromosomes?
a. | They are exact copies. | c. | They divide during meiosis II. | b. | They contain the
same genes. | d. | They connect to
each other. |
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32.
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Why do the cells lining the stomach divide more quickly than those in the
liver?
a. | They are much smaller cells. | c. | They need much more surface
area. | b. | They have fewer chromosomes. | d. | They undergo more wear and
tear. |
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33.
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A mutation caused by a piece of DNA breaking away from its chromosome and
becoming attached to a nonhomologous chromosome is called
a. | deletion. | c. | inversion. | b. | duplication. | d. | translocation. |
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34.
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The processes of mitosis and cytokinesis produce two identical
a. | daughter cells. | c. | chromosomes. | b. | strands | d. | chromatids. |
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35.
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During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will
produce two daughter cells, each containing
a. | two chromosomes. | b. | four chromosomes. | c. | eight
chromosomes. | d. | sixteen chromosomes. |
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36.
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In order to fit within a cell, DNA becomes more compact by
a. | breaking apart into separate genes. | b. | extending to form very long, thin
molecules. | c. | wrapping tightly around associated proteins. | d. | being enzymatically
changed into a protein. |
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37.
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During the gap 1 stage of the cell cycle, a cell
a. | splits into two new cells. | c. | duplicates its
DNA. | b. | carries out its normal functions. | d. | divides its
cytoplasm. |
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38.
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Which of the following events is an important factor in increasing variety among
sexually reproducing organisms?
a. | testcross | c. | crossing over | b. | gene linkage | d. | karyotyping |
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39.
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Starfish that reproduce by splitting into pieces are reproducing by
a. | binary fission. | c. | budding. | b. | vegetative reproduction. | d. | fragmentation. |
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40.
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What happens to sister chromatids in meiosis II?
a. | They duplicate. | c. | They remain together. | b. | They are
divided. | d. | They do not take
part. |
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41.
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The fusion of haploid gametes is called
a. | gametogenesis. | c. | reassortment. | b. | meiosis. | d. | fertilization. |
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42.
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Which event takes place during anaphase II of meiosis II?
a. | Nuclear membrane breaks down. | c. | Sister chromatids
separate. | b. | Spindle fibers disassemble. | d. | Cytoplasm divides. |
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43.
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Which statement describes the chromosome shown in Figure 5.2?  a. | It is made up of two histones. | c. | It is made up of two
centromeres. | b. | It is made up of two
chromatids. | d. | It is made up
of two telomeres. |
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44.
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Normal human males develop from fertilized eggs containing which of the
following sex chromosome combinations?
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